chapter 35 site furniture, signage, and prefabricated playground equipment.

Adding furniture and site facilities to landscape design often provides finished products that are difficult to obtain by using other landscape elements.
After thoughtful seating and lighting, the aesthetic effects of sidewalks, walls, lawns and plant materials have been enhanced.
When garbage and bicycles are included and proper signage is provided, the use of the website is improved.
Game equipment adds energy to parks, schools and playgrounds.
While this design tool is usually reserved for commercial landscapes, the use of this design tool has expanded to the home landscape with the emergence of residential grade amenities.
Most of the furniture of the site is purchased from custom manufacturers and can be installed by landscape contractors.
Although there are similarities in the installation method, be sure to look carefully at the instructions provided by the manufacturer to ensure that the warranty or guarantee will not be voided.
See resources in Appendix F.
By reading and practicing the techniques described in this chapter, the reader should be able to successfully complete the following activities: * assemble site facilities.
* Anchor site facilities.
The relevant information of the other sections provided in this chapter is supplemented by the instructions provided in other parts of this text.
Before proceeding with the activities described in this chapter, read the relevant information in the following sections: * Building Mathematics, Chapter 4 * safety in the workplace, Chapter 6 * Basic construction techniques, chapter 7 cast of actorsin-
Square concrete, 23 xz site facilities bench.
There are various shapes, materials and finishes for the on-site seating.
The most common styles include contour benches and historical benches.
The seats are made of wood, metal, stone, fiberglass, recycled plastic and prefabricated concrete.
Most seats are fixed directly on the cement board, and some seats need to be buried directly in the base or pillar under the ground.
Table and grill in the park. Heavy-
The park and entertainment district are designed with a picnic table on duty and a charcoal grill.
Most tables are made of metal and/or wood, and the grill is welded steel.
The most common installation method is the installation of straight buried and cement board.
Trash can.
The trash can is a decorative housing for placing garbage containers.
Materials used to build containers include wood, metal, prefabricated concrete, or fiberglass.
Most are made to anchor on a concrete board, but some are mounted on columns buried underground or anchored on a base.
The shapes can be varied, but usually round or square. Signage.
Identify businesses, traffic routes, or general information in the landscape using signage.
There are many ways to sign, with the ground
Installed, also known as monuments, and after
The most common mounting signs.
Many signs also need to be placed with wires to illuminate the signs for night viewing. [FIGURE 35-1 OMITTED]Bike racks.
There are many designs to protect bicycles.
Most of them are made of metal, anchored on a cement board or buried directly (Figure 35-1). Bollards.
A column is a short column used to identify the perimeter of a square or circulation route (Figure 35-2).
Columns are usually used to separate pedestrian and vehicle traffic, and they can be made of wood, metal, stone or other materials, or they can be combined with lighting.
The installation can be directly buried or cement plate installation.
In order to get in and out of the emergency, some columns are designed to be removed, so the foundation needs to be installed. Flagpoles.
The flagpole has a variety of heights, operating mechanisms and materials to choose from.
The flagpole generally uses metal, but also prefabricated concrete and wood.
The flagpole needs to be buried directly or anchored on a foundation buried deep or deeper in the frost. [FIGURE 35-2 OMITTED]
Light standard.
The pillars for the installation of pedestrian lights are called standards.
Styles include contemporary, historical, Western, or architecture.
Materials usually include metal, wood or prefabricated concrete.
Most light standards require a foundation that extends deep or deeper into Frost.
Prefabricated amusement equipment.
Like other facilities, there are a wide range of rides to choose from.
Most of the parts are made of wood or metal pillars that are buried directly or mounted on the base.
Then connect the engineering device used for the game activity to the frame.
Platforms, slides, climbers and many other gaming devices are available for customers to choose from. Custom-
The wooden structure built follows the plan prepared by the design professional, usually for post-installation using direct burial.
Planning the time of the project for the placement of on-site furniture and amusement equipment, when laying the concrete pouring of the area and structure, can effectively build the foundation and flat plate of the furniture anchor.
Because on-site furniture is usually assembled, installation should be waited until the main external building project is nearing completion to prevent potential damage.
Furniture that needs to be assembled and/or sorted ready
Install on site at any time and near the end of the project.
The manufacturer specifications and construction drawing materials purchased from the manufacturer usually include the installation and finishing specifications as well as the construction drawing for the proper installation.
These specifications and drawings should be obtained before any planning and installation begins.
The contractor shall also compare the specifications and construction drawings with the specifications and construction drawings provided by the project design professionals.
Any differences in materials, finishes, construction, installation or other aspects should be immediately brought to the attention of the designer.
Layout of site furniture, signage and amusement equipment site furniture is usually positioned by fixing the base used to secure comfort.
Locate the edge or center line of the mounting plate.
Measurements should be carefully in line with the drawings, as once the foundation is set for comfort, it cannot be adjusted according to the dimensions of the fixture.
The layout of the game device is a challenge as most games have multiple posts.
As with live furniture, get the construction drawing from the manufacturer before proceeding.
Layout with a grid with two baseline is a common way to identify the position of the post.
Verify that the two baseline squares each other and check the measured values of the square on a regular basis.
The appropriate level must also be maintained between the base positions, as any change will distort the game structure.
Grade piles are used for each column to show the height and position of each Foundation.
If a comfort has several supports that must be buried, verify the level between the points.
Placing a horizontal string set at the appropriate depth of burial and can move between each support position is an easy way to verify that all supports are buried in the appropriate depth.
By placing a mark on the side of the bracket indicating the height of the ground, the burial depth of a single bracket can be controlled.
Anchor site furniture, signage and amusement equipment site preparation for furniture, signage and amusement equipment is mainly limited to foundation construction.
The three common methods for fixing most live furniture and signage include :(1)
To bury directly comfortable brackets, such as legs or pillars, connected to furniture; (2)
The installation of a flat plate on which the furniture is fixed; or (3)
The construction of the Frost foundation on which the furniture is fixed.
Signage can also be fixed by connecting to existing structures such as buildings, fences, or rods.
The following sections describe the structure of each technology.
Direct burial of fixtures that require direct burial, first of all, to locate the burial point where each bracket must sink.
Burial can be done either by using a sled or pillar driver to break the stand into the ground or by digging a hole and placing the stand.
Mining techniques are beneficial when multiple pillars must be placed and a small amount of flexibility is required when connecting.
When selecting the first method, wrap the top of the bracket with a heavy rag, or place a piece of wood on the top of the bracket to avoid contact damage while driving.
Use a firm stroke to push the bracket into the ground.
Stop regularly to check for the right pitch between the Plumb, the stand, and the right direction.
Continue until the bracket sinks to the right depth.
If the excavation method is selected, drill a vertical hole with a diameter only slightly larger than the bracket.
Set Support and backfill when the appropriate depth is reached.
To maintain the proper height of the bracket, place a mark on the column at the correct height.
Fill the holes a few inches at a time and compact, re-check to verify the Plumb, proper depth and direction.
The bracket that is set too deep can be lifted slightly by grabbing the post, straight up, and then adding a small amount of granular material.
Brackets with flanges or anchors may need to use twisting or rocking motion.
After adjusting the support, verify the lead hammer and re-compaction the soil.
Flat panel fixed furniture or monument signs anchored on a flat panel require the molding and pouring of the flat panel (
For instructions on pouring concrete, see chapter 23)
And anchor in the appropriate size before the concrete becomes hardened.
If an electrical connection is required, see the section later in this chapter on basic construction with electrical services.
Verify the surface material and/or finish of the plate before pouring.
The finish surface under the bench may be different from the adjacent paving surface, and if a special finish or allowance for the paving is required, the base plate must meet the requirements.
To locate the anchor correctly, use the string or measure the placement position directly.
Shortly after the plate is completed, place the anchor by pushing the Bolt/anchor into the damp concrete, lifting up or slightly swinging up to settle the concrete around the rod.
If the anchor sinks into the concrete, wait 15 minutes and try to reset it.
Do not wait too long to set the anchors, otherwise they may not be inserted into the board.
Wait at least 48 hours before connecting to amenities (Figure 35-3).
Bolts can be installed after the concrete slab is completed using the \"attachment of existing plates or foundations\" instructions in Chapter 29. [FIGURE 35-3 OMITTED]
Some amenities require stability on the basis that extends below the frost line.
Depending on the geographical location, the actual depth of avoiding the frost is different.
When a foundation is needed, dig a vertical hole that is the diameter required by the manufacturer or drawing.
Verify that the depth meets the depth required for installation.
The amenities with several brackets may require multiple excavations.
If each hole extends below frost depth, these holes do not need to be connected through a continuous base, but if a hole is not the appropriate depth, it moves up and down at a different speed than the others, damage to comfort.
If steel bars are required, cut rerod 8 inch longer than the hole depth by entering the soil at the bottom of the base hole and ensure safety.
Many foundations can be poured by placing concrete and finishing the top of the foundation with a tro knife without forming.
If required, it may be necessary to form the entire base using a tubular paper form, or at least 6 inch of the top of the base.
These conditions include cases where the Foundation extends above the completion grade, where unstable soil conditions may collapse holes, or where holes are excavated in irregular shapes.
In order to prevent frost resistance, the base hole should have a vertical side.
The wider hole in the top diameter will be pushed by frost on the base foot, which offsets the advantage that the base foot is lower than the frost depth.
Complete the top of the foundation with a wood float and rotate the surface slightly to produce drainage away from the pillars.
After pouring the foundation, place the anchor on the top of the foundation by pushing the anchor into the concrete, lifting or swinging slightly to settle the concrete around the rod.
Before the concrete becomes hardened, verify the spacing between the anchors of the fixed device with multiple supports (Figure 35-4).
In some cases, additional work may be required for the Foundation or plate before pouring concrete.
If you want to provide wires for comfort, such as lamps or lighting signs, you may need to install pipes through the form before dumping.
For slab casting, dig the trench of the pipe and place the pipe in the appropriate finish position.
Cover both ends of the open conduit with tape.
Backfill the trench with a granular filling material and then continue dumping. [FIGURE 35-4 OMITTED]
To install a circular lighting base, use a screw drill to dig the circular hole specified in diameter into the required base depth.
Select the tubular paper form of the specified diameter for the base and trim to the same length as the base depth.
Through the side of the table, a 2 inch circular opening is cut for the electrical pipe.
The location should match the depth and location of the pipe entering the base.
Cut and connect the bending and straight sections of the pipe.
Place the tape on the opening at both ends of the catheter.
Place the conduit in the form, bend the exit opening, and the straight part extends above the top of the form.
Place the pipe inside the form using tape wrapped around the pipe at the top of the form and at the side opening.
Dig an extra channel along one side of the base to accommodate the pipe that extends out of the base.
Reduce the form to the foundation excavation and orient the stub of the pipe bending to the appropriate direction.
While keeping the form in a vertical position, backfill the form with soil.
Build the frame and place it in the form if it needs to be strengthened.
Pour the ready-mixed concrete into each form.
Before the concrete is hardened, center the conduit and insert any anchor bolts required for the fixture.
When set, peel the top of the paper.
In the absence of separate support for the signage plan, the signage is fixed to another structure, and the existing structure can be used to secure the signage.
The signage can be connected to the wooden structure by using lag screws placed on support columns or bolts, or can be anchored to the masonry unit by using expanded masonry bolts.
If the sign is attached to a metal object, such as a fence, a backing band is required.
Place the logo in the appropriate position and insert the galvanized bolt through the hole in the logo (
Or mounting bracket via logo)
Through the fence, through a hole in the mounting belt.
Fix and tighten the nut using a lock washer.
Various forms of mounting tape can be provided (Figure 35-5)
It can accommodate fencing, lighting standards and other types of metal landscape facilities. [FIGURE 35-5 OMITTED]
The installation of on-site furniture and amusement equipment for most facilities requires the placement and finishing of furniture.
In some facilities, welding or special finishing may be required, and for some facilities, the work that requires an electrician or other building expert is completed.
Placement and adjustment according to manufacturer\'s instructions, pre-assembly of all or part of comfort may be required before installation.
Starting with an anchor/bracket, the facility can be assembled one by one.
Assemble any part required and position it on the anchor.
Set the fixture carefully on the anchor/bracket and install the connection hardware.
Fix the fixture and start the process of finding and installing the pipe.
The key criterion for placing comfort is to place it in the appropriate position and height (Figure 35-6)
It is placed in both horizontal and vertical positions.
To maintain these standards, the fixtures are firmly connected but not fully tightened (
Called tight fingers).
Check the horizontal on the horizontal surface and the vertical on the two adjacent vertical surfaces.
Adjust and complete the tightening of all fasteners as needed.
If you need to adjust the height, remove the comfort and place a galvanized gasket on the anchor bolts to adjust the comfort to the appropriate height.
In order to maintain a safe fall area, elastic surfaces need to be laid under the amusement equipment.
For recommended materials and depth, please refer to the guidelines issued by the playground Audit Guide of the Consumer Product Safety Committee.
If a granular surface, such as a covering, sand, or gravel is used, is excavated to the appropriate depth and the material is layered to the area with minimal compaction (Figure 35-7).
If elastic decking is being used, prepare the venue and decking according to the instructions provided in section 6. [FIGURE 35-6 OMITTED][FIGURE 35-7 OMITTED]
Finishing on-site furniture can be shipped pre-made or need to be sorted on-site to varying degrees.
The choice of finished or unfinished materials is based on the cost, the risk of damage during shipment or installation, and the contractor\'s ability to complete the product on site.
If the contractor purchases prefabricated materials, they should be covered or wrapped with protective materials before the construction project is completed.
Finishing activities can range from full start and painting of the fixture to minor surface damage caused by contact transport and installation.
The most common completion activities completed by the landscape contractor include: Painting of the light bar, dyeing or painting of the bench, installation of hardware, and installation of the trash can liner tank.
One option to complete is to perform the work after the fixture is placed.
As work can be disturbed by dust, bad weather or other construction activities, it can be difficult to organize on site.
The recommended process is to perform any drawing or dyeing activity in a closed environment, carefully ship the item to the site for installation and only perform touch-
Complete on site if needed.
Completion should be the last activity carried out before the final acceptance of the project by the owner.